{"id":1332,"date":"2026-08-05T10:06:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T02:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.anoilnoil.com\/?p=1332"},"modified":"2026-08-06T10:14:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T02:14:56","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.anoilnoil.com\/ar\/differences-between-medical-lubricants-and-industrial-lubricants\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 <span style=\"color: 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 USP (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629) \u0623\u0648 BP (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649 (PNAs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 PDMS)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 (PEG)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (PFPE) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645: \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 15\u201325% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 1\u20135% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ISO 10993\u060c FDA 21 CFR\u060c EU MDR 2017\/745<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ASTM\u060c API\u060c ISO\/TC 28\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 USP\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (PDMS)\u060c PEG\u060c PFPE<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a I\u2013III\u060c PAO\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (1\u20135% \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (10\u201325% \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u061b ZDDP\u060c EP\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (ISO 10993-5\u060c -10\u060c -11)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ISO VG 10\u2013460 (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ISO VG 2\u20133200 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 FDA \/ \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 CE \/ \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 USP<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (ASTM\u060c API)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 (PDE)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a (OEL)\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PDE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 USP<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (SDS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: 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center;\">\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \/ \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">PDMS USP\u060c PFPE\u060c PEG \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: 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center;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a \/ \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0623\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 ISO 10993-18 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u2014 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a (E&amp;L) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 (PDE) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 (NOAEL).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 (ISO 10993-5)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 (ISO 10993-10)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (ISO 10993-11)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ISO 10993-3)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 (GLP)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 ISO 10993-1 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 (FDA \u0623\u0648 EMA \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627). \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 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